تأثیر عصاره آبی اندام‌های مختلف اسپند (Peganum harmala L.) بر جوانه‌زنی بذر و نمو تاج‌خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) و سلمه‌تره (Chenopodium album L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دپارتمان تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، ایران.

2 استاد، عضو هیئت علمی دپارتمان تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور تأثیر عصاره آبی اندام‌های مختلف اسپند (Peganum harmala) بر جوانه‌زنی و نمو تاج‌خروس و سلمه‌تره در دو آزمایش (آزمایشگاه و گلخانه) به‌ترتیب در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجراء گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل غلظت‌های %10 و %20 ریشه، %10 و %20 اندام‌های ‌هوایی (ساقه و برگ) و شاهد (آب مقطر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت عصاره‌، صفات رشدی و کلروفیل‌کل هر دو گیاه به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. به‌طوری که بالاترین و پایین‌ترین میزان بازدارندگی به‌ترتیب مربوط به عصاره %20 ساقه و عصاره %10 ریشه بود ولی قندهای محلول‌کل و فعالیت‌ آنتی‌اکسیدانی علف‌های هرز با افزایش سطح عصاره‌ی ریشه و ساقه اسپند افزایش یافتند. عصاره اندام‌هوایی، سرعت‌ جوانه‌زنی را در سلمه‌تره و تاج‌خروس به ترتیب 35/87 و %22/91 نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. عصاره %20 ریشه و %20 اندام‌هوایی در تاج‌خروس، شاخص‌طولی ‌بنیه‌گیاهچه را به‌ترتیب (33/63) و (67/96) درصد کاهش داد. همچنین عصاره %20 ریشه و اندام هوایی، طول ریشه در تاج‌خروس را به ترتیب 49/50 و %94/86 و در سلمه‌تره 87/47 و %80 /81 نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. بیشترین قند محلول‌کل در سطح %20‌ ساقه مشاهده شد که تاج‌خروس با %9/64 افزایش نسبت به شاهد، دارای قند محلول‌کل بیشتری بود. اکثر صفات بررسی شده در تاج‌خروس حساسیت بیشتری به اثرات آللوپاتیک اسپند نسبت به سلمه‌تره داشت. نتایج نشان داد عصاره‌ آبی اندام‌هوایی قوی‌تر از عصاره ریشه بود، که این موضوع می‌تواند در تهیه علف‌کش‌هایی با منبع طبیعی مورد مصرف قرار گیرد.

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