قابلیت انبارداری بذر گندم تولید شده در شرایط مختلف تنش خشکی و منابع کود نیتروژنه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج ، یاسوج، ایران

3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه یاسوج

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی قابلیت انبارداری بذر گندم تولید شده در شرایط تنش کمبود آب و کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی نیتروژن‌دار در مزرعه گیاه مادری، آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت در زمان در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار صورت گرفت. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل فاکتوریل اثر ترکیبات مختلف تنش خشکی (در مرحله شیری شدن دانه، در مرحله خمیری شدن دانه و بدون تنش) و منابع کود نیتروژن (کود اوره 100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز گیاه به همراه نیتروکسین و نیتراژین) در 12 سطح و اثر شرایط انبارداری در 4 سطح (رطوبت 7 درصد بذر (رطوبت اولیه) و دمای 20 و 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد انبار، رطوبت 14 درصد بذر و دمای 20 و 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد انبار) و عامل فرعی شامل اثر دوره انبارداری در 4 سطح 50، 100، 150 و 200 روز بود. نتایج نشان داد که محتوای پروتئین محلول و شاخص بنیه بذر در بذرهایی که گیاه مادری کود نیتروکسین و نیتراژین به همراه 25 درصد اوره دریافت کردند، به ترتیب با افزایش تنش خشکی از 208/1 تا 581/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم و از 945/1 تا 376/0 نسبت به دریافت اوره 100 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین بذرهایی تولیدی در شرایط تنش خشکی و کاربرد کود زیستی، میزان فعالیت کاتالاز کمتری داشتند که میزان فعالیت آن در دمای بالای انبار افزایش یافت. به طور کلی اگر آبیاری گیاه مادری در مرحله خمیری دانه قطع گردد و گیاه با تلفیق کود زیستی و شیمیایی تغذیه گردد، آنگاه بذور تولیدی قابلیت انبارداری بیشتری دارند.

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