بررسی خصوصیات جوانه‎زنی و رشدی گیاهچه‎ بذر گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey.) حاصله از پایه‎های مادری تیمار شده با کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی در تاریخ‎ها و روش‎های کاشت مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

2 استاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‎ منظور بررسی خصوصیات جوانه‎زنی و رشدی گیاهچه‎ بذر گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey.) حاصل از پایه‎های مادری تیمار شده با کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی در تاریخ‎ها و روش‎های کاشت مختلف، پژوهشی در خردادماه 1393 در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به صورت آزمایشات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه­ کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل بذر حاصل از گاوزبان ایرانی تیمار شده با عوامل زراعی مختلف در مزرعه شامل دو تاریخ کاشت مختلف (20 اسفندماه 1390 و 15 فروردین­ ماه 1391)، دو نوع روش کاشت (بذرکاری مستقیم و نشاکاری) و سه نوع کود زیستی و شیمیایی مختلف (میکوریزا (حاوی قارچ Glomus mosseae)، بیوسولفور (حاوی باکتری­های Thiobacillus spp.)، کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و شاهد)  بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کودهای میکوریزا و بیوسولفور به­ترتیب سبب افزایش 18% و 17% میزان جوانه­ زنی و 32% و 33% سرعت جوانه­ زنی نسبت به شاهد شدند. میانگین زمان جوانه­ زنی در بذرهای به دست آمده از روش بذرکاری کمتر از شرایط نشاکاری بود. نسبت طول ریشه چه به ساقه­ چه در بذرهای حاصل از شرایط بذرکاری با کاربرد کود میکوریزا 44% افزایش یافت. وزن خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه­ چه به­طور معنی­داری تحت­ تأثیر تاریخ کاشت قرار گرفت، به‎ طوری­ که بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه‌چه (1.6 میلی‎گرم) و ساقه­ چه (7.5 میلی‎گرم) از بذرهای حاصل از گیاهان کشت شده در اسفندماه بدست آمد.

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