بررسی تأثیر پیش تیمار بذر با آب و پلی آمین ها بر بنیه و مقاومت به سرمای جو رقم یوسف برداشت شده با رطوبت های مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته مقطع دکتری رشته علوم و تکنولوژ ی بذر دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 دانشیار پژوهش/مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال،کرج، البرز، ایران

4 دانشیار/گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

به ­منظور بررسی تأثیر رطوبت زمان برداشت و تیمارهای بذری بر وضعیت بنیه بذر و  مقاومت به سرمای گیاهچه جو  در شرایط کنترل شده، آزمایشی در مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال کرج بصورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال93-1392 انجام گرفت. تیمارها عبارت بودند از رطوبت بذر در زمان برداشت در سه سطح 14، 16 و 18% و پیش تیمار بذر در پنج سطح  شامل سه نوع محلول پلی آمین پوترسین، اسپرمیدین، اسپرمین، آب وعدم پیش تیمار بذر به عنوان شاهد بودند.  براساس نتایج پیش تیمارکردن بذرها با پلی آمین­ها موجب بهبود بنیه بذر، کاهش نشت الکترولیت، افزایش محتوای پرولین گیاهچه­ ها و افزایش رشد گیاهچه­ های حاصل از بذرهای برداشت شده در هر سه سطح  رطوبتی 14، 16 و 18 % در مقایسه با شاهد( عدم پیش تیمار) گردید. بعلاوه تیمارپرایمینگ بذرها با آب نیز باعث کاهش در نشت الکترولیت ها، افزایش وزن خشک  بخش هوایی گاهچه­ ها، وزن خشک ریشه و طول ساقه بعد از شرایط تنش سرما گردید.  حداکثر میزان پرولین و وزن خشک بخش هوایی گیاهچه­ ها بعد از شرایط  تنش سرما،  از تیمار پوترسین (Put)  و حداقل نشت الکترولیت­ها نیز برای تیمار Put ثبت گردید. همچنین بذرهایی که زودتر برداشت شده بودند (با رطوبت 18 درصد) از بنیه بهتر، وزن خشک اندام هوایی بالاتر و نشت الکترولیت کمتر درشرایط سرما برخوردار بودند. به طورکلی برداشت بذرها بارطوبت در محدوده 17% تا18%، انبار نمودن آنها در شرایط مناسب و سپس استفاده از تیمارهای بذری آب و  PAs(یک  ماه قبل از کاشت)، بویژه Put برای بهبود در بنیه بذر و مقابله گیاهچه ها با شرایط تنش سرما  قابل توصیه است .

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